[QuadList] does anyone need a HF head for their tk 42 or 41 HF Cam head 5...
COURYHOUSE at aol.com
COURYHOUSE at aol.com
Sun May 20 12:40:15 CDT 2012
DAVID!! yes that is the head! is that you behind the camera!>? can I
use this for our sat section?
here is an interesting mash up on some satellite history.... as a kid I
was fortunate to have a dad that was at HUGHES... and I got to see and
hear all about the building of these birds... Now you have me wanting to
go dig all my scrap books out..... but here is some net stuff...
===================================================== Clips from, the
net----------
And like most of the Honolulu stations the network newscast would be
delayed as far as 12 Midnight because they were flown in from the mainland after
their airings in the East Coast. However that would change on November 19,
1966, as a pioneering piece of history would take place when channel 4
(when it was KHVH) began broadcasting the first live network satellite telecast
from the U.S. mainland to Hawaii as ABC feeds the Notre Dame-Michigan
State football game via the Lani Bird satellite to the station._[5]_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KITV#cite_note-4) Today KITV receives ABC shows on the
same day as the rest of the United States, including live news, sports
coverage and special events.
BEFORE THERE WAS INTELSAT THERE WAS.... Harold Rosen's Children.... SYNCOM
Common features
The three early Syncom satellites were experimental spacecraft built by
_Hughes Aircraft Company_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hughes_Aircraft_Company) 's facility in _Culver City_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culver_City,_California) , _California_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California) . All
three satellites were cylindrical in shape, with a diameter of about 71
centimeters (28 in) and a height of about 39 centimeters (15 in). Pre-launch
fueled masses were 68 kilograms (150 lb), and orbital masses were 39
kilograms (86 lb) with a 25-kilogram (55 lb) _payload_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payload_(air_and_space_craft)) . They were capable of emitted signals on
two _transponders_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transponders) at just 2 _W_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt) . Thus, Syncom satellites were only
capable of carrying a single two-way telephone conversation, or 16 _Teletype_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teletype) connections. As of June 25, 2009,
all three satellites are still in orbit._[1]_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncom#cite_note-0)
Syncom 1
Syncom 1 was to be the first _geosynchronous_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geosynchronous_orbit) communications satellite. It was launched on
February 14, 1963 with the _Delta B_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_rocket)
#16 _launch vehicle_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expendable_launch_system)
from _Cape Canaveral_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Canaveral) , but
was lost on the way to geosynchronous orbit due to an electronics
failure._[2]_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncom#cite_note-1) Seconds after the
_apogee_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apogee) kick motor for
circularizing the orbit was fired, the spacecraft fell silent. Later telescopic
observations verified the satellite was in an orbit with a period of almost 24
hours at a 33° inclination.
Syncom 2
Syncom 2 was the first _geosynchronous_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geosynchronous_orbit) _communication satellite_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communication_satellite) . Its orbit was _inclined_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclined_orbit) rather than _geostationary_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostationary) . The satellite was launched by NASA on July 26, 1963
with the _Delta B_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_rocket) #20 launch
vehicle from Cape Canaveral. The satellite successfully kept station at the
altitude calculated by _Herman Potočnik Noordung_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman_Potočnik) in the 1920s.
During the first year of Syncom 2 operations, NASA conducted voice,
teletype, and facsimile tests, as well as 110 public demonstrations to show the
capabilities of this satellite and invite feedback. In August 1963, President
_John F. Kennedy_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Kennedy) in
Washington, D.C., telephoned Nigerian Prime Minister _Abubakar Balewa_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abubakar_Balewa) aboard _USNS Kingsport_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USNS_Kingsport) docked in _Lagos_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagos) Harbor; the first live two-way call between heads of
government by satellite. The Kingsport acted as a control station and uplink
station.
Syncom 2 also relayed a number of test television transmissions from Ft.
Dix, N.J. to a ground station in Andover, Maine beginning on Sept. 29, 1963;
the first successful TV transmission through a geosynchronous satellite. It
was low-quality video with no audio.
Syncom 3
Syncom 3 was the first _geostationary_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostationary_orbit) communication satellite, launched on August 19, 1964 with
the _Delta D_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_rocket) #25 launch vehicle
from Cape Canaveral. The satellite, in orbit near the _International Date
Line_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Date_Line) , had the
addition of a wideband channel for television and was used to telecast the
_1964 Summer Olympics_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics) in
_Tokyo_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo) to the _United States_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States) ._[3]_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncom#cite_note-2) Although Syncom 3 is sometimes credited with the first
television program to cross the _Pacific Ocean_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ocean) , the _Relay 1_ (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relay_1)
satellite first broadcast television from the United States to Japan on
November 22, 1963._[4]_
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncom#cite_note-NASA-SP-93-3)
INTELSAT. Intelsat satellites were owned and operated by the International
Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT). They were launched
and tracked, on a reimbursable basis, by NASA for the Communications
Satellite Corporation, the U.S. representative in and manager of INTELSAT.
INTELSAT's method of designating its satellites went through numerous changes as
new satellites were launched, producing alternate names for the same
satellite and varying the numbering system.
The first of the INTELSAT satellites, Intelsat I, was named "Early Bird"
(ED SHARPE'S DAD HELPED BUILD AT HUGHES) because it was the satellite in the
"early capability program" -the program to obtain information applicable
to selection and design of a global commercial system and to provide
experience in conducting communications [57] satellite operations._1_
(http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4402/reference.htm#a18.1) Early Bird, the world's first
commercial comsat, was launched by NASA 6 April 1965 and placed in synchronous
orbit over the Atlantic Ocean.
Intelsat II-A, also called "Lani Bird," (this is the one Davic C refers
to) was the first communications satellite of the Consortium's Intelsat II
series. Lani Bird was launched in October 1966 to transmit transpacific
communications, but failed to achieve synchronous orbit. It was named by the
Hawaiian press; "Lani" meant "bird of heaven."_2_
(http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4402/reference.htm#a18.2) Intelsat II-B, or Pacific l, the second in the
Intelsat II series, was launched in January 1967 and placed in orbit to
provide transpacific service._3_
(http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4402/reference.htm#a18.3) Intelsat II-C (later redesignated Intelsat- II F-3 for flight 3 in
series II), or Atlantic 2,_***_ (http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4402/ch2.htm#n3)
was the second INTELSAT satellite to provide transatlantic service._4_
(http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4402/reference.htm#a18.4) It was placed in
synchronous orbit over the Atlantic in March 1967.
Subsequent satellites followed the same sequences: Intelsat lI-D, or
Pacific 2, was launched in September 1967 and later renumbered Intelsat-II F-4;
Intelsat Ill-A (later Intelsat-III F1) failed to achieve orbit in September
1968; Intelsat-III F-2, or Atlantic 3, was launched in December 1968._5_
(http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4402/reference.htm#a18.5)
back to early bird.....
Inter-Continental Television Via Early Bird Satellite
Inter-Continental Television Via Early Bird Satellite
The first two-way commercial television program using the Early Bird
satellite was transmitted by RCA Communications, Inc., for the Columbia
Broadcasting System's "Town Meeting of the World" on October 26.
The two-way arrangement permitted students in Belgrade, London, Paris and
Mexico City to direct questions on world affairs to a distinguished panel
in the Washington, D. C. studios of CBS. The program also marked the first
time that multiple points on both sides of the Atlantic were linked via
satellite.
The program was transmitted live between 4 :30 P. M. and 5 :45 P. M. and
taped for rebroadcast over the CBS network from 10 to 11 P. M.
Panel members included Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, former President of the
United States; Arthur J. Goldberg, U. S. Ambassador to the United Nations,
and Thurgood Marshall, Solicitor General of the United States. They
answered questions posed by students attending the London School of Economics,
Belgrade University, University de Paris and the University of Mexico City.
RCA Communications provides international television transmission service
via Early Bird on a regular commercial basis, and is the only U. S. carrier
providing international telegraph and telex service via satellite.
Well Done From CBS
Following the successful transmission of the first two-way commercial
television program via the Early Bird Satellite, Charles E. Cadley, Manager of
CBS Network Transmission Facilities, sent this letter to our Executive Vice
President Howard R. Hawkins:
"Our Town Meeting of the World program is always technically complex and
yesterday was no exception. However, the excellent assistance and comnplete
cooperation we received from your organization made it seem almost routine.
"Without meaning to exclude anyone, we sincerely appreciate the hard work
and many "extras" Lou Donato contributed to make this program a total
success. Val Arbogast's help in pre-planning plus all those behind the scene,
was a real example of team effort.
"Please extend our thanks to all concerned."
Cordially, Charles E. Cadley"
Photos -
"Town Meeting of the World" panelists shown in the Washington, D. C.
studio of CBS. (I. to r.) Charles Collingwood, Moderator, Former President
Dwight D. Eisenhower, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Arthur J. Goldberg,
and Thurgood Marshall, Solicitor General of the United States.
PRS Assistant Dave Kintzner shown monitoring signals from the Early Bird
Satellite on the television control equipment in the Program Radiophoto
Section in our New York Headquarters offices.
=========================================================================--
-From RCA RELAY Christmas 1965
Volume 25 No. 11-12
Published bi-monthly in the interest of employees and friends of RCA
Communications, Inc., 66 Broad Street, New York 4, N. Y. TMKS. (R)
Contributions should be sent to the editorial office in New York or
Telephone: 212-363-2245.
THOMPSON H. MITCHELL... President
JOHN Q. CANNON... .Secretary
ROBERT W. JAMASON.. VP, Personnel
FREDERICK J. SAGER...V.P. & Treasurer
Gene McAuliffeEditor
Member American Association Industrial Editors
_http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-2.htm_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-2.htm)
The Intelsat II series of satellites, first launched in 1966, marked the
third generation of communications satellites developed by Hughes. At the
time they were the largest satellites ever launched into synchronous orbit
for commercial operation. They were built for the International
Telecommunications Satellite Organization (INTELSAT) under the direction of the
Communications Satellite Corporation (COMSAT), which acts as manager for INTELSAT
in the operation and control of the satellites. Earlier Hughes satellites
included Syncom, which was built for the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration [NASA], and Early Bird, the world's first commercial synchronous
orbit satellite, launched by COMSAT in 1965. Since then four Intelsat II
satellites have been launched.
The first satellite, F-1, was launched October 26, 1966, for emplacement
above the Pacific but failed to achieve synchronous orbit when the apogee
engine thrust terminated approximately 4 seconds after ignition. Normal
burning time would have been 16 seconds. The satellite, despite its
nonsynchronous orbit, was used to transmit live television and other communications
traffic.
Intelsat II F-2 was launched January 11, 1967, into synchronous orbit above
the Pacific near the International Date Line. Regular 24 hour commercial
service via the satellite began January 27, 1967. The operation linked earth
stations in the United States, Hawaii, Australia, and Japan.
Intelsat II F-3 was launched March 22, 1967, and positioned in synchronous
orbit above the Atlantic. The fourth satellite in the series, Intelsat II
F-4, was launched September 27, 1967, for commercial operation over the
Pacific. The Intelsat II satellites, in addition to commercial operation,
provided communications support services for NASA's manned lunar landing
program. The three satellites of the series, in continuous service throughout
their 3 year design lifetime, are now retired.
The Intelsat II's, twice as large as Early Bird and with more than twice
the power, were equipped with an advanced antenna design developed by Hughes
that permitted direct contact with a number of ground stations
simultaneously.
The design concept of the satellite followed the same basic principles
developed by Hughes for Early Bird. These included spin stabilization, a
toroidal antenna beam that continually encompassed the earth, and a simple gas
jet system for attitude control and stationkeeping.
The spacecraft structure consisted basically of a central stiffened tube
directly supporting the apogee motor and communications antenna. An aft
radial bulkhead and rib assembly supported the majority of the payload
electronics. A forward bulkhead supported lateral and radial loads imposed by the
apogee engine. Both ends of the structure were closed by thermal shields, the
shield at the antenna end serving a dual role as an antenna ground plane.
The basic communications system was composed of two redundant linear
repeaters with 125 MHz bandwidth and 6 dB noise figure and four 6 Watt traveling
wave tubes, of which one, two, or three could be turned on in parallel.
The satellite's telemetry subsystem was similar to that of Early Bird and
comprised two encoders, two VHF transmitters, and eight whip antennas. The
encoders modulated both VHF transmitters and the 4 GHz beacon signals. Both
VHF transmitters could be commanded on and off. The beacon signals were
transmitted continuously and modulated with telemetry signals. Communications
capacity of each satellite was 240 two-way telephone circuits or one
two-way TV channel.
The outer surface of the satellite was covered with 12,756 n/p silicon
solar cells. These delivered 85 Watts of electrical power under normal
operating conditions.
A self-contained apogee motor, fired by command from ground control,
supplied the velocity boost required to inject the satellite into synchronous
orbit from the transfer orbit. Launch vehicle for the satellite was the
_Delta-E1_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/delta-e1.htm) .
Nation: International Type / Application: Communication Operator:
Intelsat Contractors: Hughes Equipment: 2 transponders Configuration: _HS-303A_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sat/hs-303.htm) Propulsion: SVM-1 Power:
Solar cells (body mounted), batteries Lifetime: Mass: Orbit: GEO
Satellite Date LS Launch Vehicle Remarks Intelsat-2 1 (Blue Bird)
26.10.1966 CC LC-17B P _Delta-E1_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/delta-e1.htm) Intelsat-2 2 (Lani Bird) 11.01.1967 CC LC-17B _Delta-E1_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/delta-e1.htm) Intelsat-2 3 (Canary Bird)
22.03.1967 CC LC-17B _Delta-E1_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/delta-e1.htm) Intelsat-2 4 28.09.1967 CC LC-17B _Delta-E1_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/delta-e1.htm)
Further Intelsat missions:
* _Intelsat-1 1_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-1.htm)
(HS-303)
* _Intelsat-2 1, 2, 3, 4_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-2.htm) (HS-303)
* _Intelsat-3 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-3.htm)
* _Intelsat-4 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-4.htm) (HS-312)
* _Intelsat-4A 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-4a.htm) (HS-353)
* _Intelsat-5 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-5.htm)
* _Intelsat-5A 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-5a.htm)
* _Intelsat-6 1, 2, 3, 4, 5_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-6.htm) (HS-389)
* _Intelsat-7 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-7.htm) (LS-1300)
* _Intelsat-7A 6, 7, 8_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-7a.htm) (SSL-1300)
* _Intelsat-8 1, 2, 3, 4_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-8.htm) (AS-7000)
* _Intelsat-8A 5, 6_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-8a.htm) (AS-7000)
* _Intelsat-9 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-9.htm) (SSL-1300HL)
* _Intelsat-10 01_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-10-01.htm) (Eurostar-3000)
* _Intelsat-10 02_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-10-02.htm) (Eurostar-3000)
* _Intelsat Americas 5, 6, 7_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/telstar-5.htm) (SSL-1300)
* _Intelsat Americas 8_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-americas-8.htm) (SSL-1300S)
* _Intelsat Americas 9_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/galaxy-19.htm) (SSL-1300)
* _Intelsat Americas 13_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/echostar-9.htm) (SSL-1300)
* _Intelsat-APR 1_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/sinosat-1.htm) (Spacebus-3000A)
* _Intelsat-APR 2_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/insat-2e.htm)
(I-3K Bus)
* _Intelsat-APR 3_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/hellassat-2.htm) (Eurostar-2000+)
* _Intelsat K_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-k.htm)
(AS-5000)
* _Intelsat K-TV_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/hellassat-2.htm) (Eurostar-2000+)
* _Intelsat 1R_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/pas-1r.htm)
(HS-702)
* _Intelsat 2, 3R, 4_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/pas-2.htm)
(HS-601)
* _Intelsat 5_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/pas-5.htm)
(HS-601HP)
* _Intelsat 6B_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/pas-6b.htm)
(HS-601HP)
* _Intelsat 7_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/pas-7.htm)
(LS-1300)
* _Intelsat 8_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/pas-8.htm)
(LS-1300)
* _Intelsat 9, 10_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/pas-9.htm)
(HS-601HP)
* _Intelsat 11_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-11.htm)
(Star-2)
* _Intelsat 12_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/europestar-1.htm) (SSL-1300)
* _Intelsat 14_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-14.htm)
(SSL-1300)
* _Intelsat 15_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-15.htm)
(Star-2)
* _Intelsat 16_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-16.htm)
(Star-2)
* _Intelsat 17_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-17.htm)
(SSL-1300)
* _Intelsat 18_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-18.htm)
(Star-2)
* _Intelsat 19_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-19.htm)
(SSL-1300)
* _Intelsat 20_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-20.htm)
(SSL-1300)
* _Intelsat 21_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-21.htm)
(BSS-702MP)
* _Intelsat 22_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-22.htm)
(BSS-702MP)
* _Intelsat 23_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-23.htm)
(Star-2)
* _Intelsat 24_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/amos-1.htm)
(Amos-Bus)
* _Intelsat 25_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/protostar-1.htm)
(SSL-1300)
* _Intelsat 26_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/jcsat-3.htm)
(HS-601)
* _Intelsat 27_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-27.htm)
(BSS-702MP)
* _Intelsat 30, 31_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/intelsat-30.htm) (SSL-1300)
* _New Dawn_ (http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/new-dawn.htm)
(Star-2)
========================================================
here is the page from Gunters space pages on earlybird and some specs
Early Bird, also known as Intelsat I, the world's first commercial
communications satellite, was built for the Communications Satellite Corporation
(COMSAT) by the Space and Communications Group of Hughes Aircraft Company,
later Hughes Space and Communications Company. The satellite was launched
into synchronous orbit on April 6, 1965. It was placed in commercial service
on June 28. Early Bird's design stemmed from the Syncom satellites Hughes
had built for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to
demonstrate the feasibility of communications from synchronous orbit. On station in
orbit 22,300 miles above the equator, Early Bird provided line of sight
communications between Europe and North America. As a communications repeater,
Early Bird handled communications that were representative of all types of
common carrier network traffic, including telephone, television,
telegraph, and facsimile transmissions.
As the forerunner of a synchronous satellite system that would furnish
communications to all the populated areas of the world, Early Bird, with
capability of 240 circuits or one TV channel, successfully demonstrated the
concept of synchronous satellites for commercial communications. While designed
for an operational lifetime of only 18 months, the satellite was in
continuous, full-time service for nearly 4 years. It was placed on reserve status
in January 1969, but recalled into service in June of that year for use
during the Apollo 11 mission. Two months later the satellite was again retired
from active service and placed in orbital reserve by COMSAT. The satellite
is currently inactive.
Features:
* Spin stabilized-gyroscopic action eliminated need for complex
attitude control systems
* Solar power for constant operation
* Provided point-to-point communications
The primary advantage of a synchronous orbit communications satellite is
that ground installations are greatly simplified. By virtue of the
satellite's "fixed" position, complex and expensive tracking antennas are not
required. However, in order to hold its position in relation to the Earth's axis,
the satellite must be placed directly above the equator. Since Early Bird
was launched from Cape Kennedy, which is north of the equator, certain
maneuvers were necessary to properly position the satellite. These were
performed by means of commands from the Earth station located at Andover, Maine.
The launch vehicle for Early Bird was the _Delta-D_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/delta-d.htm) , a three-stage rocket built by Douglas Aircraft
Company. Launched with its apogee motor in a forward position, Early Bird
was aligned by the Delta's third stage at an angle of 16.7 degrees to the
equator and spin stabilized. It was separated from the third stage at 26
minutes, 32 seconds after liftoff and coasted to its first apogee of 23,081
miles. During the elliptical orbits, Early Bird was precisely oriented by
ground control.
With the firing of the apogee motor on the sixth apogee, Early Bird was
thrust into an almost circular equatorial orbit near 32& degrees W longitude
with an eastward drift rate of 1.5 degrees per day. Final synchronization to
slow the drift rate and more nearly match the earth's rotation rate was
accomplished on April 14, 1965. This maneuver placed Early Bird at its
planned position, 28 degrees W longitude. The attitude of the satellite was then
changed to concentrate the antenna beam on the Andover and European earth
stations. The earth station at Andover was equipped with Hughes-developed
telemetry and command equipment. Launching services and facilities were
provided by NASA in accordance with an agreement with COMSAT.
Nation: International Type / Application: Communication Operator:
Intelsat Contractors: Hughes Equipment: 1 transponder Configuration: _HS-303_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sat/hs-303.htm) Propulsion: Starfinder AKM
Power: Solar cells (body mounted), batteries Lifetime: Mass: Orbit: GEO
Satellite Date LS Launch Vehicle Remarks Intelsat-1 1 (Early
Bird) 06.04.1965 CC LC-17A _Delta-D_
(http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/delta-d.htm) Intelsat-1 2 not launched
Further Intelsat missions:
============================================================================
=
Ed,
This head may be the same as is on this camera:
The above shot: The first Hawaii to U. S. mainland (and visa-versa)
satellite broadcast November 19, 1966.
Best Regards,
David Crosthwait
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