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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Hi Mark,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Good to hear that you are still out there.
Thanks for giving the group a well detailed explanation on the history of
high speed duplication.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>The best,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'>Pat<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=3 color="#414141" face="Comic Sans MS"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:#414141;font-weight:
bold'>Pat Shevlin</span></font></b><font face=Arial><span style='font-family:
Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Comic Sans MS"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:blue'>Director of
Technology</span></font><font face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=1 color=blue face="Comic Sans MS"><span
style='font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:blue'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Comic Sans MS"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:blue'>The Media
Preserve</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Comic Sans MS"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:blue'>"An Audio
Visual Laboratory"</span></font><font face=Arial><span style='font-family:
Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Comic Sans MS"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:blue'>A Division</span></font><font
color=blue face=Arial><span style='font-family:Arial;color:blue'> of:</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Comic Sans MS"><span lang=FR
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:blue'>Preservation
Technologies, L.P.</span></font><font face=Arial><span lang=FR
style='font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Comic Sans MS"><span lang=FR
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:blue'>800-416-2665</span></font><font
face=Arial><span lang=FR style='font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=blue face="Comic Sans MS"><span lang=FR
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:blue'>724-779-2111</span></font><font
face=Arial><span lang=FR style='font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#303030" face="Comic Sans MS"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:#303030'><a
href="mailto:pshevlin@themediapreserve.com"
title="mailto:pshevlin@themediapreserve.com"><span lang=FR><span
title="mailto:pshevlin@themediapreserve.com">pshevlin@themediapreserve.com</span></span></a></span></font><font
face=Arial><span lang=FR style='font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#303030" face="Comic Sans MS"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:#303030'><a
href="http://www.themediapreserve.com" title="http://www.themediapreserve.com"><span
lang=FR><span title="http://www.themediapreserve.com">www.themediapreserve.com</span></span></a></span></font><font
face=Arial><span lang=FR style='font-family:Arial'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=navy face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:navy'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center tabindex=-1>
</span></font></div>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><font size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:Tahoma;font-weight:bold'>From:</span></font></b><font size=2
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma'>
quadlist-bounces@quadvideotapegroup.com [mailto:quadlist-bounces@quadvideotapegroup.com]
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>On Behalf Of </span></b>Mark Anzicek<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Thursday, March 11, 2010
2:42 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b> Chill315@aol.com;
quadlist@quadvideotapegroup.com<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [QuadList] Ampex High
Speed Dubber and later VHS systems</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face="Comic Sans MS"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:black'>Chris,</span></font><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face="Comic Sans MS"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:black'>I'm not sure
how this will post. It's my first time. This may be quite a bit more than
a comment on high-speed dubbers, so please excuse me if I have provided too
much information.</span></font><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face="Comic Sans MS"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:black'>Mark Anzicek</span></font><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face="Comic Sans MS"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:black'>ZenTechnologies</span></font><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face="Comic Sans MS"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:black'>We, as engineers
at NET, were told that only 3 Ampex ADR-150 duplicators were ever
built. One was in LA. We had one at NET in <st1:City w:st="on">Ann
Arbor</st1:City> and it was rumored that there was one in an airplane hanger
in <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Saudi Arabia</st1:place></st1:country-region>
that was never assembled. However NET's unit was the only 6 copy station
unit in existence. The other two were 2 copy station units.
Everyday we high-speed duplicated 100 to 200 Quad 2" video tape
copies of Sesame Street, along with other shows including NET playhouse, Monty
Python, Faulty Towers.....etc. Our ADR-150 duplicated qty 6 one hour
Quad 2" video tapes in 6 minutes. </span></font><font size=2
color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face="Comic Sans MS"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:black'>Like a
photographic processing, high-speed video duplication is basically a printing
process except instead of light passing through a negative onto a
paper, a 700 to 800 oersted blank tape and a 2400-2600 orested high energy
master are in intimate contact and passing through an high energy field that is
strong enough to provide an erase bias for the copy tape, but not enough to
degrade the master the master due to the tremendous bias need for a 2600
orested tape. Traveling out of the bias field, at 150 IPS, the copy tape
would be immediately cloned by the master in a direct magnetization transfer
printing process as the master pressed each copy tape around each individual
slave copy drum at 6 different points simultaneously along the master
path. </span></font><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face="Comic Sans MS"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:black'>As Chris Hill
said, a specially modified AVR-1 was used to make the high energy mirror
masters as they were called. NET had 2 stock AVR-1s in house and either
one could be quickly switched over to make high speed masters. The change
consisted of exchanging out the bias erase head, corresponding driver circuit
board and the same for the video head. Both heads and circuitry were
beefed up to handle the extra bias and record energy needed. The erase
stack had to be liquid cooled and Spin Physics modified the video heads to spin
in reverse, hence being able to create a mirror image. The left to right
master prints right to left copy.</span></font><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face="Comic Sans MS"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:black'>A high-speed
10x transferred copy tape was about 3db down from a perfect real-time
duplicated copy, however it's uniformity and almost perfect interchange
statistically yielded more acceptable copies than the up to 50 or
so individual VTRs needed to produce the same amount of production
capacity. (depends upon how fast operator can switch out tapes) The
masters could theoretically last forever, as far as energy levels needed,
however in time the master would become dirty and loose intimate contact,
yielding further gradual signal db loss. Many masters were recorded over
and used again as different program masters. Many times, masters would
catastrophically fail before their average number of uses would cause
failure. Once a tape became wrinkled or creased, it could no longer be used.
It could be shortened to a shorter master length, but only if the crease was
close to either end of the tape. It had to be that much
shorter. Many real-time Quad tapes were spliced, due to the
almost perpendicular head path, but the ADR-150 had extremely low
thickness tolerances so splices meant certain death of a master or copy.</span></font><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face="Comic Sans MS"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:black'>Our ADR-150
was about 25 ft long by 6 ft wide by 3 ft high. The master would run down
one side of the machine, past 3 slave copy stations, then return back passing
another 3 stations on it's way back to the master station take-up
reel. Each of the 6 copy stations had 4 AVR-1 type vacuum columns
yielding 24 Air vacuum chambers to buffer the movements of 6 individual copy
tapes in intimate contact with a master at 6 different 10" rotating
copy drums along the master tape path. Each copy drum had 2 separate
air knives along a drum collar to assure intimate contact. along 270 degrees of
the rotating drum. The master would then automatically rewind while the
operator changed out the 6 copy stations with more tapes and
then re-started the process.</span></font><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face="Comic Sans MS"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:black'>Yes indeed, I
loved to run and work on that machine except for the fact that you had to wear
earmuffs because it sounded like you were on the tarmac of an
international airport. IT WAS VERY LOUD !!!! It blew and
sucked more air than anything I've ever worked. Extreme care had to be
given to operating and maintaining this electromechanical beast. If any
one of the numerous servos fell out of balance, as the 6 slaves chased the
master traveling 12.5 ft/sec (8.5 mph), or any moisture entered the system, or
any vacuum loss in any one of the 24 columns, or any over pinching of the air
knives, there would be a traveling pileup of tape loops and creased
tape. The operator would witness something like a chain reaction of
car accidents traveling first down the highway, then turning around and
traveling back up the highway.</span></font><font size=2 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face="Comic Sans MS"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:black'>In the 1980s,
Sony manufactured a high-speed 1/2 duplicator called the Sprinter 5000.
(S-printer) It was first designed for Beta and then Sony sadly converted
it to VHS. This machine had just one station and ran at 16.6 ft/sec.
Later, a new model 800 was introduced with a endless master loop that
vibrated on a horizontal loop bin, much like those vibrating football game
tables of the 1050s. It's speed was then almost doubled to 8
meters/sec and it's effective duplication speed was increased to almost 240x
for SP and 720x for EP VHS. I built a facility for Allied Film
& Video in the 1980s that housed 16 of these machines and also developed an
endless master bin for the first 5000 Sprinter.</span></font><font size=2
color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face="Comic Sans MS"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:black'>In the late
1980s, Otari took over a joint research project started by Dupont and Bell
& Howell to develop the TMD. (Thermo Magnetic Duplicator) Dupont
wanted to sell chromium and Bell & Howell owned several large VHS
duplication facilities in <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Chicago</st1:place></st1:City>
at the time. They later became Rank and moved much of the operations
to <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Little Rock</st1:City>, <st1:State
w:st="on">AR.</st1:State></st1:place> The technology was similar in
mechanics and magnetic printing process, however instead of using a bias
field to erase iron tape, a laser was used to heat chrome tape to
Curie point and erase the tape. Chrome tape needed a much lower
temperature to accomplish this and the quality was quite good. Otari
had 2 problems besides being late in the game. Chrome tape was more
expensive and their loop bin was vertical instead of horizontal. This
meant the weight of longer movie masters meaning more tape could crease
the tape, where as horizontal loop bins didn't have this problem.
However, by the time Otari had a competitive product out in the field, Sony had
almost saturated the VHS high-speed duplication business as VHS was reaching
maturity.</span></font><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face="Comic Sans MS"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:black'>While Bell
& Howell started as the largest duplicator, Technicolor later became the
largest US and then worldly duplicator. Both companies started with 10s
of thousands of real-time duplicators. B&H/Rank first implemented 2x
machines using large pancakes of blank tape that were later cut into separate
video cassettes like Sprinters and TMDs. Then Panasonic made a 2X in
cassette duplicator especially for Rank then later other smaller competitors
and Technicolor later introduced their own 3x in cassette
duplicator. Cinram followed as well with a 2x in house design. </span></font><font
size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face="Comic Sans MS"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:black'>Technicolor
became the king with the most Sprinter duplicators boasting around 80 unites
between <st1:City w:st="on">Livonia</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st="on">MI</st1:State>
and <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Camarillo</st1:City>, <st1:State
w:st="on">CA</st1:State></st1:place> and more around the world. The
largest Sprinter installation ever was a facility I designed and built in <st1:City
w:st="on">Alphaville</st1:City>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Brazil</st1:country-region>
in suburban <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Sao Paulo</st1:place></st1:City>,
where Videolar had over 100 Sprinters in one very large clean room.
High-speed duplication at one time was at least 50% of the movie business of
which probably 80 to 90% was Sony's Sprinter. Oh yes, all good high speed
operations were typically conducted in class 1,000 or better rooms. As
time went on, the vendors advertised class 10,000 in order to sell more
product. You need massive amounts of properly directed air flow (we
had 3 air changes per minute) and lots of 0.1 to 0. 5 micron HEPA
filters. </span></font><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face="Comic Sans MS"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Comic Sans MS";color:black'>Finally, let's
talk about cleanliness in Quad vs. VHS when it come to high-speed
duplication. As you know, it is a contact printing technology so
cleanliness affects transfer quality. One second of Quad time represent
2" times 15" per sec. tape speed yielding 30 square inches of magnetic
information describing 1 second of video. Whereas 1 second of VHS tape
time represents 1/2" times 1.3" per sec. tape speed yielding 0.65
square inches of magnetic information describing 1 second of VHS SP. AND
one 1/3 that or less than 0.22 square inches of tape for VHS
EP. Cleanliness and intimate contact are far more important when
you have around 1/50th and 1/150th respectively less real
estate to work with.</span></font><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=2 color=black
face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black'>-----Original
Message-----<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>From:</span></b> Chill315@aol.com
[mailto:Chill315@aol.com] <br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Sent:</span></b> Wednesday, March 10, 2010
8:39 AM<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>To:</span></b>
quadlist@quadvideotapegroup.com<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Cc:</span></b> markanzicek@comcast.net<br>
<b><span style='font-weight:bold'>Subject:</span></b> Re: [QuadList] Ampex High
Speed Dubber<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial id="role_document"><span
style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>NET in <st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place
w:st="on">Ann Arbor</st1:place></st1:City> had one of the handful of Ampex
High Speed dubbers. The master was a mirror image that was done on a AVR
1 with special heads. The tape was a special formulation that 3 M did
with an orested of about 3000 (?). This would allow the magnetic
information to be transferred in special stations. The machine was very
fast and they never seemed to have any quality issues. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>when the building caught fire it was the
end of an era. I have copied an expert on this machine to see if he
wishes to comment.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'> <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>Chris Hill<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
10.0pt;font-family:Arial;color:black'>WA8IGN<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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